Introduction Tourism plays a growing role in developing countries and is accounted as a way of government deficit reduction, gaining foreign exchange and employment increment. In addition it is viewed as a channel of getting away from single product economies. In fact, an industry with multi dimension impacts is looked. Really, tourism is one of the most profitable activities such that many countries have invested on it. This industry is labor intensive and is one of the employment generation effective ways. Tourism is beyond an economic and industrial activity but what may surcharge its influence is the lack of fundamental possibilities providing tourists welfare in clouding scarce of suitable staying places.Bandar Turkman as an attractive site for tourists is faced with scarce suit staying palaces.Thus this study intended to estimate travel demand function of this city to assign the importance of paying attention to this matter. Therefore the demand function was estimated by travel cost method.

Hamedan Ali sadr Cave is one of the world’s 10 major important caves and the number of its visitors (about 600 thousand people per year) ranks 10 in the world. This study aims to estimate the economic value of ecotourism of Ali sadr cave by using a Zonal Travel Cost Method because of the importance of this tourist region. In the present research data such as social – economic condition, travel cost and the visitors of Alisadr cave have been analyzed using simple random sampling and questionnaire all of which are related to winter, spring, and summer of 2012. The results showed that variables of age, education, visitors’ income and cost and distance have significant effect on visiting the region. The analysis of the visitors’ income level showed that there was a high correlation between this variable and the number of turing days in the wild and willingness to pay entrance fees. Alisadr cave’s recreational value was estimated to be 20.45 billion rials per day. This result reflexes high economic value of this recreation centre and the necessity of more attention to tourism development in this region. Also, based on the results of the research, some suggestions were proposed to improve the attraction and development of this tourism region.

Anzali wetland with an area of about 200 km is situated in the southern margin of the Caspian Sea and bordered by the cities of Anzali, Rasht, Somehsara, and Rezvanshahr. It is considered as one of the important attractions of Guilan Province. This study is to determine the recreational value of Anzali wetland using the regional travel cost method so that the results can be used as an effective tool for the planning and management of development projects. This method is based on estimating the relationship between the number of visitors to a resort and its distance from their dwelling places and the average of their travel costs. To this end, assuming the wetland as the center, 6 semicircles with a fixed distance of 300 km from each other were drawn so that they would cover all over the country.  Then, using a map and the existing statistics, the area and the population of any of these regions were calculated. In the next step, the socio-economic data extracted from the questionnaires completed by the visitors were analyzed. Then, considering the available data, the diagram showing the relationship between the travel cost and the number of visitors to this resort was drawn. After that, the different entrance fees were added to the total access costs, the new ratio of the visitors was obtained, and the curve of demand for Anzali wetland was drawn. Finally, by estimating the area under the demand curve, the daily recreational value of Anzali wetland was calculated to be 124,504,000 Rls., which shows the high recreational value of this wetland. The data show that most of the visitors of Anzali Wetland are 30-39 years old and the majority of them are high-school graduates and university students. Moreover, as visitors’ income increases, they decrease in number.

In general economical values of environmental resources include both use and nonuse values and Wetlands have mentioned values too because they have wide range of operations. There are various methods to evaluate these operations like Travel Cost Method (TCM), Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), replace cost method and chance cost method. Between these methods, TCM and CVM are adequate to evaluate nonuse values of wetland. TCM method was used for recreational evaluation of Choghakhoor wetland in this study. Results showed that variables like age, education and amount of visitor's income played important role on the use of promenades. Investigating amount of visitor's income showed strong correlation between this variable and number of visited days of promenade and also their interest to pay entrance. The results illustrated unexpected values; the results were similar to the results achieved from parks in United States. It also showed that level of education has a key role in absorbing visitors for Choghakhoor wetland as most of the visitors had university education. Level of advantage has direct relation with income, as relief times of people would increase by increasing level of education. Investigation of studying in some promenades of the country showed that there are more interest among teenagers and middle ages but our results showed most of the visitors (28%) were in the range of 30-34.

Urban parks have recreational value for people's leisure time and for this reason, environmental economists pay attention to estimation of economic value and understanding their impact on welfare of urban society. In this study, individual travel cost method is used for estimating the value of Nazhvan park’s recreational services. Sample size was calculated to be 508. A logarithmic regression model was used in the Individual travel cost method for assessing the impact of explanatory variables on the number of visits. In order to achieve this goal, travel function has been estimated in form of linear, logarithmic, linear-logarithmic and logarithmic-linear functions, among which logarithmic function was selected based on statistical significance. In the logarithmic model, 10 of 15 independent variables were significant. According to the results, consumer surplus for each visit during a year is equal to 0.79 million Rials for a group of three people and 0.24 million Rials for each visitor. Comparing our results with Sameti et al. (1391), demonstrates that welfare surplus per visit in individual travel cost method is 14.24 percent less than marginal willingness to pay in contingent valuation method.

Background and Objective: According to the increasing demand for recreational and entertainment centers, economic and social analysis and investigating human needs providing possibilities and facilities is neccesary. The main objective of this study is to estimate the recreational value of Ahwaz Beach Park as an important entertainment center of Khuzestan people especially Ahwaz city. Method: Individual Travel Cost Method as an effective method in planning and managing development projects was used in this study. Individual visits are as dependent and individual travel cost and socio-economic variables are independent variables. Needed data were collected in 1391 by completing 234 questionnaires from visitors of the site. Findings: The results indicated that the age of visitors has an acceptable but insignificant effect on numbers of visits. On the other hand, the variables of education and income have a positive effect and travel cost has a negative effect on visits. Recreational value of Beach Park was estimated about 157885 Rials per person and 1342022500 Rials for a year in total. Discussion and Conclusion: Since the results indicate the significant economic value of Beach Park, it is necessary to codify its tourism development plan. Policies should be based on development of recreations and urban Parks with maintaining high environmental standards and creating mechanisms for capital return.

Wetlands are high-efficiency ecosystems that play an important role in the well-being of human societies. However, the health of these valuable ecosystems around the world, especially in developing countries, is severely affected by environmental pressures from human activities. Wetlands are known as one of the important centers for meeting the needs of recreation, On the other hand, given the growing demand of the people for the use of recreational resources and a study of the demands of the people to provide the necessary facilities and facilities, it is important. Economic valuation is a useful tool for estimating and comparing the benefits of wetlands and the costs associated with protecting them. In this research, the economic valuation of Pirsalman wetland has been investigated using the method of individual travel cost and linear functional form. 400 questionnaires were distributed among the visitors. Data were collected cross-sectionally and surveyally at the level of wetland visitors in 2019. Based on the results, marital status, occupation, age, income, distance to the lagoon and travel costs are the most effective factors on the number of annual visits. The surplus of individual consumers for the average number of visits was 1391500 Rials. Therefore, the surplus of the individual consumer is estimated at 347875 Rials per visit. Also, the total number of annual visits to the lagoon is estimated at 650, 000 people. Therefore, the surplus of the expected total consumer is estimated at 22611875000000 Rials, which indicates the annual recreational value of the wetland. The results of this study provide valuable information to improve the recreational level of Pirsalman Wetland and can be useful for decision makers in long-term planning.

The goods and services which are being provided by the outdoor recreational places for the humans will be in the range of goods and services that the relevant markets are not able to value them; for this reason, non market valuation methods will be used in order to value or evaluate them (services and goods). One of the methods which were used for valuing these places by the economic researchers during the recent years is the individual travel cost method. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the recreational value of Darband site in Tehran by using the approach of individual travel cost single purpose. For this reason, 385 questionnaires were distributed within this site among the visitors and by using the obtained information, visit demand function of this site was estimated. Based on the features of data, count models in order to evaluate the travel demand function to Darband was estimated and among the non-continuous distributions, the negative binomial distribution based on the numerical value of dispersion parameter in this sample was chosen. At the end, the recreational value of this site for different models as; in lieu of each visit by each visitor; 189-617 thousands Rials, in lieu of each visitor in a year; 1.239-4.031 millions Rials and the annual recreational value of this site; 543-2316 billions Rials shows the high value of this place or site for the visitors.

Investigating the economic value of tourism areas is one of the topics of interest in studies of tourism economics. Investigating the economic value of recreational areas in terms of cost-benefit policy-making and tourism analysis is essential. The purpose of this study was to estimate the economic value of Falak al-Aflak castle of Khorram Abad by regional travel cost method. The research method is applied. The statistical population of the study included visitors to Falak al-Aflak castle. The sampling method is simple. In order to determine the size of the sample, since the size of the population is unknown, Cochranchr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))s formula was used to obtain the sample size of 306 persons that the required data collected through filling out the questionnaires in Nov 2019 by visiting travelers to the Castle. After extracting data from questionnaires completed by the sample members and estimating the research patterns, the research hypotheses were tested. Different software such as Eviews and Spss have been used in this research. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the supervisor and its reliability was assessed by Cronbachchr(chr(chr('39')39chr('39'))39chr(chr('39')39chr('39')))s alpha method. The results of this study showed that entrance cost, income and distance were the main factors affecting tourism demand in Falak al-Aflak castle.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the recreational value and study the influential parameters of Salasel castle tourist's willingness to pay in Shushtar using conditional valuation method and individual travel cost. Methods: Logit econometric model is used to study the parameters affecting tourist's willingness to pay. The data were collected through a questionnaire and interview involving 307 visitors in 2017. Results: The result of conditional valuation method showed that the average willingness to pay for any individual to visit the castle is 5, 712 rials and the recreational value for each family is 323, 527. 68 rials per year. The result of individual travel cost method showed that the recreational value is 939, 596, 000 rials. Comparison of these two methods showed that the recreational value of the castle is estimated to a higher value because from the visitors’ perspective, the castle is a pure public commodity and visitors do not express their willingness to pay, properly; So that the money spent per each family to visit the castle is much more than the stated willingness.